Nonpharmacologic Pain Management

Pain is a multidimensional problem ranging from discomfort to agony and affecting physical, emotional, and cognitive function as well as interpersonal relationships and social roles. In this section you will learn more about pain, its causes, evaluation and treatment: 

Alternatives to Opioids for Pain Management

Holistic approaches to chronic pain

Several non-pharmacologic options have been shown to be effective in managing a wide variety of pain.

Mind-Body Medicine

Exercise:

• moderate improvement in function and pain in patients with osteoarthritis

• should be delivered appropriately to reduce the risk of falls

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy:

• replace maladaptive coping strategies with positive coping strategies using patient education and behavioral and cognitive skills training

• moderate improvements in pain and function. 

Tai Chi:

• improves physical function and stiffness, while reducing pain, in patients with osteoarthritis10,11

Massage:

• reduces pain and improves functioning in patients with osteoarthritis12

Other options to consider:

• acupuncture

• self-management education

• mindfulness meditation

• manipulation

• yoga

• Trying the Feldenkrais Method for Chronic Pain

Technology: 

Welcome to Calm

HEadspace: Meditation made simple

Side effects reported for these non-pharmacologic interventions are minimal. Participation should be based on patient factors and interest.

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